Preparation and Characterization of Lead Halide Perovskites Towards sustainable, cost-effective and upscalable solar cell manufacture
نویسنده
چکیده
Sveinbjörnsson, K. 2018. Preparation and Characterization of Lead Halide Perovskites. Towards sustainable, cost-effective and upscalable solar cell manufacture. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1628. 84 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-0229-4. The perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a recent contender within the photovoltaic research field. In a matter of a few years, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC has catapulted from 4% to above 22%, which represents one of the fastest developments in the field. The PSC band-gap tunability makes them interesting for use in tandem solar cells with other established solar cell technologies. This thesis focuses on exploring the photophysics of the perovskite material as well as the development of different perovskite preparation processes and materials for potential use in large-scale manufacture and tandem solar cell applications. First, the photoconductivity of a perovskite film deposited on different metal oxide nanoparticle layers is investigated. The results show that the perovskite can generate free charge carriers without the presence of an electron acceptor. Secondly, we constructed PSCs with a conducting carbon-nanotube film, as a replacement for both the hole-selective layer and the metallic back electrode, which yielded a PCE of 15.5%. Furthermore, we explored the preparation of semitransparent PSCs for tandem solar cells by using atomic-layer deposition (ALD) for depositing a thin electron-selective metal-oxide layer. We were successful using ALD directly on a perovskite layer without damage to the perovskite. Although the PSCs did not yield high PCE, the study marks a step in further development for direct ALD deposition onto the perovskite. Finally, we developed two different methods concerning sustainable manufacture of PSCs. The first method was based on the synthesis of the mixed-ion (FAPbI3)0.87(MAPbBr3)0.17 perovskite in ambient air, which had hitherto only been possible in inert atmosphere. The best PSC was obtained by depositing the perovskite onto a 50°C warm substrate in ambient air yielding a PCE of 17.7%. In the second method, only non-hazardous solvents, water and isopropanol, were used in the synthesis of Cs0.1FA0.9Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3. It is the first publication of mixed inorganic and organic cation perovskite synthesis using a two-step preparation procedure with only non-hazardous solvents and the process yielded a PCE of 13.0%. The method allows for complete ionic control of the perovskite and further variation and improvements are therefore possible.
منابع مشابه
Relativistic GW calculations on CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3SnI3 Perovskites for Solar Cell Applications
Hybrid AMX3 perovskites (A = Cs, CH3NH3; M = Sn, Pb; X = halide) have revolutionized the scenario of emerging photovoltaic technologies, with very recent results demonstrating 15% efficient solar cells. The CH3NH3PbI3/MAPb(I(1-x)Cl(x))3 perovskites have dominated the field, while the similar CH3NH3SnI3 has not been exploited for photovoltaic applications. Replacement of Pb by Sn would facilitat...
متن کاملOn the Thermal and Thermodynamic (In)Stability of Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskites
The interest of the scientific community on methylammonium lead halide perovskites (MAPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) for hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells has grown exponentially since the first report in 2009. This fact is clearly justified by the very high efficiencies attainable (reaching 20% in lab scale devices) at a fraction of the cost of conventional photovoltaics. However, many problems must ...
متن کاملHybrid Organic−Inorganic Perovskites on the Move Published as part of the Accounts of Chemical Research special issue “Lead Halide Perovskites for Solar Energy Conversion”
Published as part of the Accounts of Chemical Research special issue “Lead Halide Perovskites for Solar Energy Conversion”. David A. Egger,*,† Andrew M. Rappe,*,‡ and Leeor Kronik*,† †Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel ‡The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania...
متن کاملBication lead iodide 2D perovskite component to stabilize inorganic a-CsPbI3 perovskite phase for high-efficiency solar cells
Among various all-inorganic halide perovskites exhibiting better stability than organic-inorganic halide perovskites, a-CsPbI3with themost suitable band gap for tandem solar cell application faces an issue of phase instability under ambient conditions. We discovered that a small amount of two-dimensional (2D) EDAPbI4 perovskite containing the ethylenediamine (EDA) cation stabilizes the a-CsPbI3...
متن کاملChemical Approaches to Addressing the Instability and Toxicity of Lead-Halide Perovskite Absorbers.
The impressive rise in efficiencies of solar cells employing the three-dimensional (3D) lead-iodide perovskite absorbers APbI3 (A = monovalent cation) has generated intense excitement. Although these perovskites have remarkable properties as solar-cell absorbers, their potential commercialization now requires a greater focus on the materials' inherent shortcomings and environmental impact. This...
متن کامل